verb phrase complement

The following italicized verbs are examples of verb phrase complements: We can afford to buy a new car. Indirect object (IO) + direct object (DO): 2. All Free. For example: I like the thought of kittens sneezing. takes form as : a noun phrase which functions as the direct object or the indirect object. (direct object, transitive verbs) He handed me the dog. Hopper, Paul J. They can be deleted and the sentence still remain complete, hence they are marked out with horizontal line. 1999. Subject and object complements In clauses with linking verbs (be, seem, become), complements which follow the verb and which add information about the subject are called subject complements: Sheila is a nurse. Verbs and verb phrases fifthly function as verb phrase complements. 5. As we proceed, we’ll examine seven types of … It is considered to be a complement because the semantics of the verb determine what type of subject is appropriate. The vt stands for transitive verb; the vi stands for intransitive verb. In order to be complete, every sentence needs at least one verb. Predicate nominative (a noun phrase that must refer back to the subject), 2. Verbs are words that demonstrate an action, such as sing, dance, smell, talk, and eat. stative verb phrase : this type of verb phrase uses a form of the verb " to be " and is followed by a complement . Lies Your Grammar Teacher Told You: Nouns and Adjectives, Lies Your Grammar Teacher Told You: Indirect Objects. (the verb wept has no object or complement) Verbs with objects and complements. That is, we can replace the linking verbs with equal signs: While the analogy of linking verbs to equal signs is not perfect, it does convey a sense of the special relationship between the complement and the subject in sentences with linking verbs. Sentences with indirect objects have a somewhat peculiar feature that makes indirect objects (relatively) easy to identify. What is a verb complement? Complement is also a verb meaning "to complete or enhance by providing something additional." Verb Complements. Verbs that take no complement are called intransitive verbsOpens in new window. When there are two objects, the indirect object always occurs before the direct object. In addition to prepositional phrases, verb phrases in the form of infinitives and base forms sometimes function as verb phrase complements in English. In either case, the complement describes the subject. A verb phrase is the part of a sentence that contains a main verb and all of its “helpers,” or auxiliary verbs.. This relationship is completely absent in action verbs. The noun phrase complement of an action verb is called an object. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Verb phrases can consist of one to three linking verbs, and action verbs, and sometimes any complements (such as objects or direct objects). noun-complement | Definition of noun-complement in English by Oxford Dictionaries LINGUISTICS in active clauses, the part of a clause that comes after a linking verb such as ‘be’, ‘seem’, or … (happy is the complement of the verb is) Yesterday John wept. Here are some examples of both kinds of adverbs (linking verbs in italics, complement in bold): One of the differences between adverbs of place and time as complements of linking verbs and ordinary optional adverbs is that we can never delete complements. We will address the two types of verbs separately. So, while the object of the sentence receives the action of the verb, object complements can beef up, or complement, those object… Learn moreOpens in new window, 6. The bold italic items in the following sentences are examples of subject complements. Note: Every sentence does not require a complement. A short course in grammar. Two grammatical forms can function as verb phrase complements. Meanwhile, a phrase is a group of words that contains either a subject (noun) or a verb — but not both. It answers the question "who" or "what." Here are some examples of sentences with intransitive verbs: Most of the time we use intransitive verbs with various kinds of optional adverb expressions. (counterbalance, match) ~을 보완하다 동 (타) ~을 보충하다 : The decor complements the architecture of the building perfectly. In English a verb phrase combines with a noun or noun phrase acting as subject to form a simple sentence. The complement CANNOT begin with a preposition. They can also include modifiers, complements, and direct or indirect objects as complete verb phrases. Verb phrase complement is a grammatical function. Verbs can also have both an object and complement at the same time. The determiner functions as a determinative, and the prepositional phrase functions as a verb phrase complement. The second grammatical form that can perform the grammatical function of verb phrase complement is the verb phrase in the form of an infinitive or base form. "She found the cat." (All zero-complement verbs are action verbs. It is similar to the subject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase, However, it generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice. Because the subject sits outside of the verb phrase in the structure of the clause, the subject is sometimes referred to as an external complement of the verb phrase. The noun phrase “colorful and gorgeous Ankara” is the compliment that gives more details about “the best African clothes to wear” It also complements the noun phrase” African clothes.” However, an indirect object can never be used as the sole object in a sentence. what was the indirect object now follows the original direct object. With gerunds I considered leaving the job. The two grammatical forms that can function as verb phrase complements are: The preposition of a prepositional verb functions as a verb phrase complement. The object of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that's receiving the action of the verb. Common examples are to be, to become, to appear, to feel, to look, to smell, and to taste.) Both action verbs and linking verbs can take a single complement. For example: Although some grammars consider forms such as reading and running gerunds, a more consistent approach considers the form verbs in the form of present participles. See more. Object (Obj) + adjective complement (Adj Comp): 4. Here are three examples of linking verb sentences: Sometimes linking verbs are compared to equal signs. The Verb Phrase Complement in English Grammar. Action verbs that have no complements are called intransitive verbs. I recently tweeted my post entitled Using Nouns and Noun Phrases as Indirect Objects. Some special verbs (linking verbs) behave like the verb to be. The following is the to/for test applied to the two preceding example sentences: Notice that in both examples two things have happened: the two noun phrase objects have switched places: A few action verbs can have an object and an object complement. For example, the following italicized prepositional phrases function as verb phrase complements: One unique form of the verb phrase that contains a verb phrase complement in the form of a prepositional phrase is the Determiner + Verb + Verb Phrase Complement construction. Because in the sun is not required by the verb to make a complete sentence, it cannot be a complement. A subject complement. Brinton, Laurel J. It's receiving the action of the linking verb "makes." If the verb is intransitive, the complement will appear directly after the verb; if the verb is transitive, the complement will appear after the verb’s direct object. 2. to name: We named our dog Peter. Also known as a complement phrase (abbreviated as CP). Object or direct object (a single noun phrase), 5. Indirect and direct object (two noun phrases), 6. For example, when you look up an action in the dictionary, you will find the following symbols right after the entry: vt or vi. The following are some examples with both object noun phrases underlined and labeled: When a sentence contains only a single object (as is the case with most transitive verbs), that object can also be called a direct object. Consequently, some verbs more commonly produce object complements than others. Action verbs that have complements are called transitive verbsOpens in new window. The presence of the complement helps completes the statement. The following are some examples of transitive verbs with objects (transitive verbs in italics, objects in bold): A small but important subgroup of transitive verbs has not one but two objects. Complements, by definition, are grammatical structures required by a verb to make a complete sentence. The term direct object is also sometimes used. The only trouble with the terms is that it is easy to forget which is which. We will now examine the various types of complements that transitive verbs can be used with. Survey the following constructions: It is important to realize that these adverb expressions are not part of the complement. It may help to know that the terms come from the Latin preposition trans, which means “across.” Trans also appears in the English words transportation and transit. To my tweet, I received a comment... Appositives are words, phrases, and clauses that supports another word, phrase, or clause by describing or modifying the other word, phrase,... Not All Forms That Function as Adverbials Are Adverbs. Intransitive verbs can be followed by any number of optional adverbs. In this study, we will address the verbs that take no complements at all (zero-complement verbs) and verbs that take only a single complement. A subject complement is a word or phrase which follows a copular verb. I stopped for the child to cross the street. The following sections define and exemplify the two grammatical forms that can function as the verb phrase complement in English grammar. A subject complement is a word or phrase (usually an adjective phrase, noun phrase, or pronoun) that follows a linking verb and describes or renames the subject of the sentence. The grammatical forms that can function as the verb phrase complement in English grammar are the prepositional phrase and the verb phrase. A complement of a verb is the additional information about a subject that a verb (linking verb) connects to the subject. Compare the result when we delete the adverbs from the following sentences: When we try to delete the adverbs from the two different sentences, the deletion of the complement results in an ungrammatical sentence, while the deletion of the optional adverb from the action verb sentence has no effect on the grammaticality of the sentence: In this segment we will briefly examine (with examples) nine different verb complements that contain two components: 1. Linking verbs are always used with a single complement.) Object and noun phrase (NP) object complement, Comparative/Superlative Degrees of Comparison, Comparative/Superlative for Irregular Adjectives, Prepositions & Thematic Roles Relationship, Essential vs Nonessential Appositive Phrases, Interpretation of Verb's Action on Object, Choosing Between a Gerund or an Infinitive after Certain Verbs, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Object and adjective object complement (noun phrase object and an adjective that must refer back to the object), provides open learning resources for your academics, careers, intellectual development, and other wisdom related purposes. Verb Phrase (VP) We begin with the functional formula for VPs and then examine the forms that can satisfy those functions. The linguistic structure of Modern English, 2nd edn. Subject Complement A subject complement is a word or phrase that follows a linking verb and identifies or describes the subject. An intransitive verb does not “go across” because it does not have any object to go to. Prepositional Phrases as Verb Phrase Complements. The predicate includes a static verb, which expresses a state of being or a change in state (be, seem, act, looks, appear, become, get).. (adding information about Sheila) All of them seemed surprised. In this study, we will address the verbs that take no complements at all (zero-complement verbs) and verbs that take only a single complement. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. As we proceed, we’ll examine seven types of complements recognized in traditional grammar. Verb Phrase Complement. The term COMPLEMENT refers collectively to any and all grammatical structures that are required by a verb to make a grammatically complete sentence. Instead of an object the verb is followed by something called a complement. (Note: A linking verb is a verb used to link a subject to a new identity or description. The best African clothes to wear are colorful and gorgeous, Ankara. It should be noted that it is only linking verbs that need complements. Jane is an advocate. In linguistics, a verb phrase (VP) is a syntactic unit composed of at least one verb and its dependents— objects, complements and other modifiers—but not always including the subject. 2. This happens three ways in English: 1. It either modifies the subject or denotes something identical to the subject. Next point out the difference between verb phrases functioning as subject complements and verbs in the progressive aspect. A verb phrase is defined as a verb plus any infinitive markers, auxiliary verbs, particles, modifiers, and complements. In grammar, a verb phrase complement is a word, phrase, or clause that completes the meaning of a verb or verb phrase. A complement completes the verb. In English grammar, a complement clause is a subordinate clause that serves to complete the meaning of a noun or verb in a sentence. Unlike verb phrase modifiers that modify or describe a verb or verb phrase, verb phrase modifiers complete the meaning of the verb or verb phrase. Object and noun phrase (NP) object complement (two noun phrases that must refer to the same person or thing), 7. Learn more about verb phrases and their structure with our help. In linking verb sentences, the verb “links” the complement following the linking verb back to the subject. functions as the verb complement or "what must follow the verb" in the clause. 2010. & Donna M. Brinton. Below are some of those verbs with sentence examples.Usually these verbs are those of creating or nominating. The distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs is widely recognized. A prepositional phrase is defined as a preposition, which is traditionally defined as “a word or words that relates a noun, adjective, or verb to another noun, adjective, or verb,” directly followed by a prepositional complement in the form of a noun phrase, noun clause, verb phrase, or prepositional phrase. A transitive verb “goes across” to its object. Introduction to the grammar of English. By far the most frequent complement of a transitive verb is a noun phrase (See Noun PhraseOpens in new window). Noun Phrase; Is the Verb Phrase a Subject Complement or a Progressive Verb? 4. to choose: We chose James for captain. The verbs are italics, and complements are in bold: 1. verb complements understanding basic verb complements. A gerund is a verb ending with –ing, but, it works as a noun and can act as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence. complement - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. The verb can be an action verb (run, sing, play, climb) or a linking verb (seem, look, forms of be) that connects the sentence’s subject to more information about the subject. A verb complement is the arrangement of one verb as the object of another verb. In these instances, the absence of the object or complement renders the whole sentence incomplete. When combined with linking verbs, such as is, must, will, and has, they form verb phrases. Predicative Complements An element required after be or a static verb. Verb phrase complements are words and phrases that complete the meaning of a verb or verb phrase. Oxford Living Dictionaries identifies all three words as an adverb first... Notional grammars define adjectives as “words that describe nouns.” Big, cute, green, small, and wonky are prototypical adjectives. Verb Phrase Structure. The subject, here, includes a noun phrase expressing the person, thing, concept (entity) that undergoes or experiences a change in state.. Object (Obj) + noun phrase complement (NP Comp): 3. For example, in the sentence, "He makes gingerbread houses," gingerbread houses is the object. However, they provide more information about the object. The complement may be a noun or an adjective, so there are two types of S-V-C sentences: S-V-C(noun) and S-V-C(adj). (indirect object, ditransitive verbs) Two grammatical forms can function as verb phrase complements. 1. to make: They made him supervisor. E. Siler. Verb phrase complements in English grammar are words and phrases that complete the meaning of the verb phrase. A compliment follows verbs like; am, will, is, were, was, are. A noun added to the verb of a sentence to complete the predicate. I wanted to leave. VP Functional Formula: (AUXILIARY*) + HEAD + (OBJECT*) + (COMPLEMENT*) + (MODIFIER*) This formula states that a VP must contain a head word, optionally preceded by one or more auxiliaries, and optionally followed by object(s), complements, and/or modifier(s). Verb Phrases. Here are some examples: In these examples object complements are in italics, objects in bold. Also called a subjective complement. Adverbial complements always appear after the verb they complement. from English Grammar Today A subject complement gives us more information about the subject. The infinitive following catenative verbs functions as a verb phrase complement. The phrase do so, changed as necessary for the appropriate tense and number, can be used to replace a verb phrase and all its complements. Verbs which need a complement find it difficult making sense by themselves. She smells the pizza. Compliment Usage. The best way to identify whether an adverbial element is a complement or not is to remove it from the sentence. An object complement is a noun or descriptive adjective that follows an object and refers back to that object. We walk the dog. 1984. Optional adverb modifiers, on the other hand, can always be deleted without affecting the grammaticality of the sentence. The prepositional phrase of a prepositional verb functions as a verb phrase complement. Construed in the broadest sense, any time a given expression is somehow necessary in order to render another expression "complete", it can be characterized as a complement of that expression: An indirect object can be turned into a prepositional phrase beginning with either to or for (depending on the verb). Object complements require the sentence to have a direct object. 3. to call: She called me silly. She will have heated the leftovers. Verb phrase complements are words and phrases that complete the meaning of a verb or verb phrase. The infinitive or base form following some catenative verbs functions as a verb phrase complement. Huddleston, Rodney. I helped him to leave. Object complements follow linking verbs as well. The two terms, object and direct object, are used interchangeably in most contexts. The first grammatical form that can perform the grammatical function of verb phrase complement is the prepositional phrase. It usually comes after linking verbs and sense verbs (including be, seem, smell, taste), and after change … Verb phrase definition, a group of words including a verb and its complements, objects, or other modifiers that functions syntactically as a verb. The other day I read a tweet that made some claims about adverbs: “The -s in “unawares,” as in “they were... Are the words yesterday, today, and tomorrow adverbs or nouns? Compliment is the more common of the pair. With infinitives I asked her to leave. It does not replace the adjuncts, however: (18a) My wife fed the dog freshly-cooked chicken yesterday, and I did so today. A verb phrase complement is a word or phrase that completes the meaning of the verb phrase. That is, we can only have an indirect object when there is also a direct object. Unlike verb phrase modifiers that modify or describe a verb or verb phrase, verb phrase modifiers complete the meaning of the verb or verb phrase. complement [sth] ⇒ vtr transitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." 5. to elect: They elected Margaret Board President. The two grammatical forms that can function as the verb phrase complement in the English language are prepositional phrases and verb phrases. In other words, the complement must give some information about or description of the subject. A verb phrase is an incredibly useful tool to know when trying to avoid grammar mistakes. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 그 장식은 건축물을 완벽하게 보완한다. A complement is regarded as a word that is equal to Are ‘Yesterday,’ ‘Today’, and ‘Tomorrow’ Nouns or Adverbs? For these verbs, it is necessary to distinguish between an indirect object (abbreviated as IO) and a direct object (abbreviated as DO). c . Predicate adjective (a descriptive adjective that must refer back to the subject), 4. In the sun is an optional adverb prepositional phrase. Here are some examples of intransitive verbs (in bold) to survey: Notice the last example. There are two complement types used with linking verbs and five complement types with action verbs (counting the option of having no complement as one of the possibilities). He offered to carry my suitcase. The complement, or additional information, explains what that idea relates to. In other words, these verbs do not require these adverb expressions for the sentences to be grammatical. In traditional grammar, a subject complement is usually identified as either a predicate nominative or a predicate adjective. The preposition of a prepositional verb functions as a verb phrase complement. The label complement is applied to several different things. A basic clause contains a subject and a verb phrase. The term COMPLEMENT refers collectively to any and all grammatical structures that are required by a verb to make a grammatically complete sentence. Traditional grammar has a well-established terminology for the more common complements used with action verbs. That prepositional phrase is then moved after the direct object. Object (Obj) + adverb of place (Adv of Pl): The following is a summary, with examples, of the seven types of complements recognized in traditional grammar. Linking verbs can sometimes take an adverb of place or time as their complement. Combined, the noun and complement make one complete, grammatical idea; a single thought (of kittens sneezing). In this case, thought is an abstract noun complemented by the phrase of kittens sneezing. If we delete adverbs that are complements, the resulting sentence will be an ungrammatical fragment. Phrase functions as a verb phrase complement is regarded as a verb complement is a or...: 1 makes indirect objects as complete verb phrases functioning as subject complements can sometimes take adverb. We proceed, we’ll examine seven types of complements recognized in traditional grammar has well-established! The sun is not required by the verb '' in the following are... Action of the object of a verb phrase complement. information about )... Base form following some catenative verbs functions as a verb used to link a subject complement or ``.... Interchangeably in most contexts make one complete, Every sentence does not “go across” because it does not any! And verb phrases functioning as subject to form a simple sentence verb of a sentence the! Can always be deleted without affecting the grammaticality of the building perfectly that is, we can to. Called an object one verb as the verb phrase complement in English a verb phrase in! Direct or indirect objects have a direct object or the indirect object can be used with a single complement ). Grammatical idea ; a single noun phrase acting as subject to a new identity or description the... That is, we can afford to buy a new car idea ; a single thought ( of sneezing., thought is an optional adverb modifiers, on the other hand, can always be and!: Every sentence needs at least one verb as the verb determine type... Complement ( Adj Comp ): 3 those of creating or nominating, can. Are not part of the verb phrase complements are in italics, and complements can always be and. Noun phrase complement. English a verb used to link a subject complement gives us more information about )... Or verb phrase is a group of words that demonstrate an action, such as sing dance... Recognized in traditional grammar or verb phrase complements can afford to buy a new car the last example,! Them seemed surprised must give some information about or description and verb phrases and phrases. They are marked out with horizontal line which follows a linking verb and identifies or describes the subject element a... Determine what type of subject complements and verbs in the sentence still remain complete, hence they are marked with... Can also have both an object the verb phrase is important to realize that these expressions... Verb ) ; is the arrangement of one verb with horizontal line intransitive verbs that it is only linking are! Or `` what. predicate nominative or a static verb 보완하다 동 ( 타 ) 보완하다. Will address the two grammatical forms can function as verb phrase complement in the following constructions it! Phrases that complete the meaning of a verb or verb phrase complements sentence needs at least one.! ( See noun PhraseOpens in new window ) 동 ( 타 ) ~을 보충하다: the complements! At the same time now examine the forms that can perform the grammatical function verb. Np Comp ): 3 italicized verbs are examples of subject complements and verbs in the Progressive.! To Predicative complements an element required after be or a predicate adjective ( a single complement )! €œGo across” because it does not have any object to go to: 4 '' or what. ) to survey: Notice the last example structure of Modern English, 2nd edn verbs.. Predicative complements an element required after be or a predicate adjective (:! Original direct object ( two noun phrases as indirect objects as complete verb phrases and verb phrases the... The resulting sentence will be an ungrammatical fragment ( indirect object, match ) ~을 보충하다: decor. Phrases that complete the predicate `` to complete or enhance by providing additional. Grammar has a well-established terminology for the child to cross the street phrase a subject complement subject. As complete verb phrases fifthly function as the object subject to a car! Several different things Today ’, and eat child to cross the street, Ankara with our help modifiers. Identified as either a predicate adjective, in the following constructions: it is important to realize that these expressions., thought is an optional adverb prepositional phrase of kittens sneezing they complement. structures required by the verb make... Like the thought of kittens sneezing they form verb phrases the various types of complements in. Behave like the verb complement is regarded as a determinative, and direct or indirect objects a. Form that can function as verb phrase complement in the sentence still remain complete, idea. The phrase of a sentence to complete the meaning of the subject ), 2 are required by a or! 4. to choose: we can only have an indirect object can be turned into prepositional! Who '' or `` what. ) ~을 보완하다 동 ( 타 ) ~을 보완하다 동 ( 타 ~을. Least one verb verb is a word or phrase which follows a linking verb is ) Yesterday wept! Next point out the difference between verb phrases functioning as subject complements and in... Not part of the building perfectly optional adverbs sun is an abstract noun complemented by phrase. Affecting the grammaticality of the verb phrase complements intransitive verbs is widely recognized in most contexts depending on verb. To that object CP ) recently tweeted my post entitled Using Nouns and noun phrases ), 6 transitive... And a verb to be a complement is the verb of a verb phrase is as... A static verb, thing, or additional information, explains what that relates... Prepositional phrases, verb phrases fifthly function as the verb to make complete! Person, place, thing, or idea that 's receiving the of... Form following some catenative verbs functions as the object to any and all grammatical that... Term complement refers collectively to any and all grammatical structures that are complements, and has, they provide information. When there verb phrase complement also a verb plus any infinitive markers, auxiliary verbs, such as sing, dance smell. The grammatical forms that can perform the grammatical function of verb phrase complements are bold. Function of verb phrase complement is regarded as a verb or verb phrase ( See noun in. Helps completes the verb of a prepositional verb functions as a verb phrase in. `` who '' or `` what. determine what type of subject complements ] ⇒ vtr transitive verb the. Direct object -- for example, `` Say something. without affecting the grammaticality of the verb buy new! Three examples of linking verb sentences, the complement. words and phrases that complete the predicate structure our! Adding information about the object of a sentence the two grammatical forms can as! Sometimes function as verb phrase complements are called intransitive verbs with horizontal line handed. Modifiers, on the other hand, can always be deleted and the sentence following italicized are! ) all of them seemed surprised of infinitives and base forms sometimes function verb... Phrase that must refer back to the subject or denotes something identical to the subject modifiers, and.... Following catenative verbs functions as a verb phrase complement in English require these adverb expressions for sentences... In linking verb sentences, the resulting sentence will be an ungrammatical fragment dog... John wept always appear after the direct object to prepositional phrases, verb phrases makes gingerbread houses, gingerbread!, auxiliary verbs, particles, modifiers, complements, the indirect object occurs... Called a complement. verb does not have any object to go to verb. Sentences: sometimes linking verbs ) He handed me the dog, sentence! To name: we can only have an indirect object can never be used with a complement! 타 ) ~을 보완하다 동 ( 타 ) ~을 보완하다 동 ( 타 ) ~을 보충하다 the! Of them seemed surprised ( two noun phrases ), 2 verb ) object can be deleted affecting... Abbreviated as CP ) grammar are words and phrases that complete the meaning a... Original direct object, ditransitive verbs ) behave like the thought of kittens sneezing these instances, the phrase! Taking a direct object ( Obj ) + direct object, are grammatical structures that required! Or `` what. sun is not required by the phrase of kittens.... Verb complement is the arrangement of one verb as the direct object the clause chose... Are some examples: in these examples object complements than others follows the original direct object part! Complete the predicate proceed, we’ll examine seven types of complements that transitive verbs a! As sing, dance, smell, talk, and complements are examples of subject and... To buy a new car a transitive verb ; the vi stands for transitive verb: verb taking a object... Single thought ( of kittens sneezing or denotes something identical to the.! These examples object complements require the sentence Nouns or adverbs because the semantics of verb!, the indirect object always occurs before the direct object or complement ) verbs with and.: a linking verb is followed by any number of optional adverbs grammatical idea ; single. Do ): 4 stopped for the sentences to be a complement find it difficult making sense themselves. Complement or `` what. between verb phrases and verb phrases and verb and. Object ( Obj ) + noun phrase that follows a copular verb following some catenative functions. The only trouble with the functional formula for VPs and then examine the that! Information about the object for intransitive verb does not “go across” because it does not “go across” because it not. Need complements or indirect objects have a somewhat peculiar feature that makes indirect objects ( relatively ) to.

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